Esbats and Sabbats - The Holy Days of Witchcraft

Every religion has its own days of power, reverenceis the day where the days begin to grow longer, and
and celebration. Wicca is no different in this regard.the sun is making a comeback. The general
The holidays that Wiccans celebrate are referred torepresentation of this is of Holly King, a Dark God,
as Sabbats, or the Eight High Holy days. They occurpassing and being replaced by the Oak King, or Sun
approximately every six weeks, and denote theGod. Though the sabbat that signifies the beginning
changing of the seasons. The sun, as aof the year may vary from tradition to tradition, this
representation of the God, is revered during ais the one that is most popular in signifying the
sabbat, and the ceremony for a particular holiday isbeginning of the year.
often performed at high noon. The other type ofAll of the sabbats represent a phase of life, and Yule
holy day that is more familiar to most people is thefalls into the fertility category. This is a time of
Esbat. The Esbat is a monthly occurrence thatconception, where the beginnings of life begin to stir.
generally coincides with the moon being full. It is theWhen covens and families come together on this
night when witches gather to perform ritual andholiday, plans begin to be made for the coming year,
magickal workings for the coming month.as well as preparations for the coming spring.
This article will detail all of these holy days andCandlemas
hopefully shed a little light on what witches doCandlemas is also known by the name of Imbolc. It is
throughout the year to honor their Deities.well and truly the first fertility festival of springtime.
The EsbatThe specific date that this day falls on varies from
As stated above, the Esbat is a ceremony thattradition to tradition, but it can be anywhere from
coincides with the cycles of the moon. Generally, theJanuary 31st to February 2nd. At this time, we are
day that it is done occurs when the moon is full,beginning to see the very first signs of spring, and
though this is not necessary. The full moon isthe renewal of life.
significant because witches firmly believe that theThe festivities for Candlemas all center on clearing
power of magickal workings wax and wane with theout the old and making way for the new. The Maiden
phases of the moon. When the moon is waxing, oraspect of the Goddess is honored at this time, as
becoming fuller, it is good to perform rites that areare any Gods and Goddesses that relate to love and
drawing things to you or increasing positive influencesfertility. This holiday is considered an especially
in general. When the moon is waning, or diminishing, itauspicious time for a new marriage or relationship.
is good for banishing influences that are no longerOne of the traditional symbols of Candlemas is the
wanted, or getting rid of negativity. Yet when theplough. They are often decorated and incorporated
moon is full, the magickal workings are at their peak,into the festivities. Another tradition for the holiday is
and it is good for nearly any rite that a witch mayto create a besom, a simple broom constructed of
wish to perform. The new moon, or dark moon,twigs or straw, and use it to ritually cleanse the
occurs when the moon is not visible at all. During thishome. It is then placed near the front, symbolizing
time, the rites that are performed are either forsweeping out the old and welcoming the new.
extreme protection rites or negative magicks.Ostara
On whatever day the esbat is performed, it is doneAlso called Eostar, this High Holy Day falls on the
in the evening or at night. The reason behind this isspring equinox, on or near March 21st. This is the
that these rites are meant to be working with thesecond of the three fertility festivals. Springtime is
Goddess, who represented by the moon.coming on full force at this time, and planting for the
The actual process of performing the esbat can beyear's crops is well underway. New spring growth can
summed up very concisely. The witch or coven willbe seen everywhere, and the Gods are petitioned
gather at a designated ritual space. There, they willfor luck with the crops and the home.
cast a circle, and perform rites that will raise theirTwo of the traditional symbols for this holiday are
magickal and psychic power, and then direct thatthe egg and the rabbit. The egg is an emblem of
power at their desired goal. Since there are so manynew life and new growth, and it is incorporated into
variables as to what a witch or group of witchesmany ritual workings and festivities at this time. The
may wish to direct their energy, it is difficult to offerrabbit, known for its prolific mating habits, is also a
up an example of what these rites may entail.symbol of growth and abundance. Both also
However, one of the things that is a common themesymbolize change. The Christian faith has fully
among esbats is that it is a time for connecting andadopted both of these symbols into their celebrations
communing with Deity. This is often done by thethat occur at near the same time.
reciting of The Wiccan Rede and The Charge of theBeltane
Goddess while in circle. Afterwards, time may beAlso know as May Day, this Holy Day falls on May
spent in either meditation or performing acts offirst. It is the last of the fertility festivals for the
divination with tarot cards, runes or other means.year, and with it comes unabashed sexuality for
This is followed by a communion of cakes and wine,many traditions. The May Pole is one symbol of this
where the gathered witches will celebrate theirholiday that is found throughout many traditions. It is
coming together and catch up on the previous montha tall pole set in the ground, symbolizing the Sun God
and make plans for the coming one. Then the ritualuniting with Earth. It is decorated with long ribbons
circle is opened, the leftover cakes and wine areand fresh flowers, and, of course, maidens
offered up to Nature, and the witches will go theirtraditionally dance around the pole.
separate ways.One of the traditional May Day activities for this
The Eight High Holy Daysholiday is to secretly leave baskets of flowers and
There are eight major holidays that Wiccansgoodies at the doors of your neighbors.
celebrate:Generally, this is a holiday that celebrates and revels
- Samhain (pronounce saw-vin or sow-en)in the return of the sun.
- YuleMidsummer
- CandlemasThis Holy Day celebrates the God, represented by
- Ostarathe sun in all of his glory. It is celebrated on the
- Beltanesummer solstice, when the longest day of the year
- Midsummertakes place. Midsummer is neither a fertility festival
- Lammasnor a harvest festival. In this way, it is similar to Yule.
- and MabonOn this day, rites often center on protection for the
Each of the Holy Days represents a different turninghome and family for the coming year, rites of
of the seasons, and a different phase of life. Thedivination, and celebrating the abundance of The Oak
common representation of these phases is the God,King in his prime of life.
though many practitioners incorporate an aspect ofFor those who work with faerie energy in their rites,
the Goddess in some fashion as well. They areMidsummer is an ideal time to commune with them. It
primarily Sun festivals, and, unlike esbats, the ritualsis a common tradition for witches to go out in the
are often performed when the sun is at its highest intwilight and look for faerie folk in stands of oak, ash
the sky.and thorn trees.
Sabbats are usually large gatherings where entireLammas
families will come together and celebrate with foodAnother name for this holiday is Lughnassadh. It
and drink in addition to the religious rites.occurs on August 1st, and it is the first of the three
Samhainharvest sabbats celebrated by witches. Attention
Samhain is probably the most recognizable of all ofturns now to harvest the crops and gardens, and
the Wiccan Sabbats. It falls on October 31st andpreparations begin for the coming winter. The days
signifies the ending of one cycle of the year. Whileare beginning to grow shorter, and the Sun God
many view it as the beginning of the next yearlybegins to lose his strength as the days grow shorter.
cycle, that does not actually occur until Yule inAs this is the time of year when we first begin to
December.reap the bounties of harvest, it is often a holiday
The main symbolism behind this holiday is death andaccompanied with feasting and celebration.
honoring loved ones that have passed on. It isDecorations and dollies are often made from dried
commonly thought that on this night, the veilears of corn, and used in rites and to decorate the
between the worlds is at its thinnest, and witcheshome.
take advantage of this opportunity to communicateMabon
with their family and friends who have passed on.Mabon is the primary harvest festival, counterpoint to
Samhain is also the last harvest festival of the year,Ostara, and it occurs on the Autumnal Equinox. On
and the last opportunity for the coven and theirthis day, witches pay homage to retreating daylight,
families to come together to share their resourcesand prepare for the coming winter. This holiday
before digging in for the winter. The period of timesymbolizes the God in old age and readying for his
between Samhain and Yule is spent contemplatingimpending death and rebirth.
plans for the coming year and remembering the yearThough this holiday is a little more somber than the
that has passed.rest of them, it is also one where Wiccans are sure
Yuleto give thanks for what they have received
Yule is generally thought to coincide with the Christianthroughout the past year. It is a popular time of year
holiday of Christmas. This is not precisely so. Yulefor witches and pagans to give back to their
actually falls on the day of the winter solstice, whichcommunities, and generally share their bountiful
generally falls on or around December 21st.harvests.
The significance of this holiday is that of rebirth. This