African Witchcraft - The History, the Practices and the Controversies

African Witchcraft is a collective term used toas Voudun, Obeah, Santera, Quimbanda and
describe the spiritual traditions (both past andCandombl.
present) of the various ethnic groups in Africa. FromWhat is African Witchcraft?
a historical point of view, Egyptian Witchcraft andAfrican witchcraft is a nature based religion, where
Arabic Sihr traditionally formed a part of the mix.one or more Deities, nature spirits and ancestral
These two ceremonial forms of Witchcraft arespirits are worshipped. The witchdoctor, with his or
nearly extinct, and have been replaced by the Islamicher ability to commune with Deity, nature spirits and
faith.ancestral spirits, is traditionally held in awe - an awe
The witchcraft practiced in the rest of Africa iswhich is an odd mixture of respect and fear.
shamanistic in nature. Long before the East and theThe reason for this fear is simple. Magic in the African
West converged on the continent, the shamanisticsense may be used for both positive and negative
practices of Africans were remarkably similar in spitepurposes. It can be used to bless and to curse, to
of the ethnic and tribal diversity that prevailed.cure and cause disease, to bring peace and to initiate
This is no longer the case, though. The influences ofbattle, to protect and to harm, to create and to
the Christian and the Islamic religions on Africandestroy.
Witchcraft are noticeable. The colonization of AfricaThe witchdoctor can be either male or female.
by the English, Dutch, French, Portuguese andAlthough there is no gender equality in African
Germans, brought its own set of cultural influencesculture, no distinction is generally made where spiritual
too. This accounts for the diversity now to be foundpractices are concerned. The witchdoctor is
in the practice of African witchcraft from ethnicresponsibile for divination, healing, presiding over
grouping to ethnic grouping and from tribe to tribe.rituals, conducting rites of passage, performing
This diversification should not be interpreted assacrifices, finding lost cattle, protecting warriors,
dilution or intensification, though. It merely implies thatcasting and removing spells, and narrating the history
African witchcraft in its purest form has beenand myths of old.
exchanged for African shamanism of an eclecticFor harmony between the living and the dead, which
form.is an essential component of leading a trouble-free
The heinous practice of slave trading led to thelife, ancestors are shown respect by means of daily
export of African witchcraft to the Americas, whereofferings, prayers and songs, elaborate rituals and
it now survives under the auspices of religions suchanimal sacrifice.